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Today — 26 June 2024Main stream

Flatulent livestock to incur green levy in Denmark from 2030

26 June 2024 at 09:55

World’s first emissions tax on agriculture will require farmers to pay for greenhouse gas pollution from livestock

Farmers in Denmark will have to pay for planet-heating pollutants that their cattle expel as gas, after the government agreed to set the world’s first emissions tax on agriculture.

The agreement – reached on Monday night after months of fraught negotiations between farmers, industry, politicians and environmental groups – will introduce an effective tax of 120 kroner (£14) per ton of greenhouse gas pollution from livestock in 2030, which will rise to 300 kroner per ton in 2035.

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© Photograph: Wayne HUTCHINSON/Alamy

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© Photograph: Wayne HUTCHINSON/Alamy

Europe live: Mark Rutte says Nato ‘cornerstone of our collective security’ as he is formally selected as its head

26 June 2024 at 06:47

Outgoing Dutch PM will take over from Jens Stoltenberg as secretary-general in October

More congratulations are coming in from European leaders.

Mark Rutte, the outgoing Dutch prime minister and incoming Nato secretary-general, is a well-liked figure among heads of state and government.

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© Photograph: Johanna Geron/Reuters

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© Photograph: Johanna Geron/Reuters

EU braces for the nightmare scenario – a Eurosceptic France

National Rally win may hamper bloc’s ability to get things done and pose existential question over French role

On the night her party swept to a crushing victory in European elections and France’s president triggered a political earthquake by dissolving parliament, Marine Le Pen, the longtime leader of the National Rally (RN), could not have been much clearer.

“Tonight’s message – including the dissolution – is also addressed to the leaders in Brussels,” she said. “This great victory for patriotic movements is in alignment with the direction of history … We are ready to take power if the people so wish.”

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© Photograph: Christian Hartmann/Reuters

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© Photograph: Christian Hartmann/Reuters

Yesterday — 25 June 2024Main stream

EU Issues New Sanctions Against Russia-Linked Threat Actors

By: Alan J
25 June 2024 at 14:13

European Union Sanctions

The European Union has extended its sanctions against threat actors after adding six Russian and Ukrainian nationals to its restrictive measures list. These latest sanctions come as part of the EU's ongoing efforts to combat malicious campaigns that threaten its member states and global security. The Council of the European Union adopted the decision to expand sanctions on June 24, 2024, citing the increasing frequency and sophistication of cyberattacks against critical infrastructure and essential services. These attacks, including ransomware, supply chain targeting, and cyberespionage, pose a systemic threat to the EU's security, economy, and society. The sanctions are aimed at preventing, deterring, and discouraging such activities, and are considered a vital instrument in the EU's framework for a joint diplomatic response to malicious cyber activities.

Russian Military Intelligence and FSB Operative Sanctions

The sanctions will take effect following publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. The council document justified the new sanctions as measures in response to the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine and its resulting cyber activities:
The use of cyber operations that have enabled and accompanied Russia’s unprovoked and unjustified war of aggression against Ukraine affects global stability and security, represents an important risk of escalation, and adds to the already significant increase of malicious cyber activities outside the context of armed conflict over recent years. The growing cybersecurity risks and an overall complex cyber threat landscape, with a clear risk of rapid spill-over of cyber incidents from one Member State to others, and from third countries to the Union, further call for restrictive measures under Decision (CFSP) 2019/797.
Among those sanctioned are Ruslan Aleksandrovich Peretyatko and Andrey Stanislavovich Korinets, both identified as members of the "Callisto group" linked to Russian military intelligence. The group, also known as "Seaborgium" or "Star Blizzard," is accused of conducting multi-year phishing campaigns to steal credentials and data, targeting individuals and critical state functions in defense and foreign relations. Two Ukrainian nationals, Oleksandr Sklianko and Mykola Chernykh, were sanctioned for their involvement in the "Armageddon" hacker group, allegedly supported by Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB). The group was found carrying out cyberattacks against the Ukrainian government and EU member states using phishing emails and malware campaigns.

Wizard Spider Threat Group Members Sanctioned

The EU also targeted two key players in the Russia-based threat group Wizard Spider: Mikhail Mikhailovich Tsarev and Maksim Sergeevich Galochkin. Both are implicated in deploying the "Conti" and "Trickbot" malware programs, which have caused substantial economic damage in the EU through ransomware campaigns targeting essential services such as healthcare, banking and defense. The EU Council has emphasized the need to protect these vital sectors from cyber threats, which can have devastating consequences for individuals, businesses, and societies as a whole. The Council said the sanctions imposed on these six individuals are a clear message that the EU will not tolerate malicious cyber activities that threaten its security, economy, and democracy. The Council document stated:
 "As part of the sustained, tailored and coordinated Union action against persistent cyber threat actors, six natural persons should be included in the list of natural and legal persons, entities and bodies subject to restrictive measures set out in the Annex to Decision (CFSP) 2019/797. Those persons are responsible for, or were involved in, cyberattacks with a significant effect, which constitute an external threat to the Union or its Member States."
The sanctions demonstrate that the EU will continue to work closely with its Member States, international partners, and other stakeholders to address the growing cybersecurity threat landscape escalated by geopolitical tensions. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

Microsoft risks huge fine over “possibly abusive” bundling of Teams and Office

25 June 2024 at 12:59
A screen shows a virtual meeting with Microsoft Teams at a conference on January 30, 2024 in Barcelona, Spain.

Enlarge / A screen shows a virtual meeting with Microsoft Teams at a conference on January 30, 2024 in Barcelona, Spain. (credit: Cesc Maymo / Contributor | Getty Images News)

Microsoft may be hit with a massive fine in the European Union for "possibly abusively" bundling Teams with its Office 365 and Microsoft 365 software suites for businesses.

On Tuesday, the European Commission (EC) announced preliminary findings of an investigation into whether Microsoft's "suite-centric business model combining multiple types of software in a single offering" unfairly shut out rivals in the "software as a service" (SaaS) market.

"Since at least April 2019," the EC found, Microsoft's practice of "tying Teams with its core SaaS productivity applications" potentially restricted competition in the "market for communication and collaboration products."

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EU centrists’ deal paves way for von der Leyen to return as commission president

25 June 2024 at 12:30

Agreement between three pro-European blocks would make Estonian PM top diplomat and former Portuguese PM council president

Ursula von der Leyen looks likely to clinch the nomination for a second term as European Commission president under a deal by EU leaders from the three pro-European political groups that sews up the bloc’s top jobs.

According to the agreement made by the centre-right European People’s party (EPP), the Socialists and the Liberals, von der Leyen will be nominated for a second five-year mandate at the head of the EU executive at a Brussels summit on Thursday.

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© Composite: Christophe Enadimitar Dilkoffludovic Marin/AFP/Getty Images

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© Composite: Christophe Enadimitar Dilkoffludovic Marin/AFP/Getty Images

Claude 3.5 suggests AI’s looming ubiquity could be a good thing

By: Alex Hern
25 June 2024 at 06:45

In this week’s newsletter: If you don’t like chatbots popping up everywhere, get ready to be peeved. But the latest version of Anthropic’s shows AI is becoming more useful – and, crucially, affordable

The frontier of AI just got pushed a little further forward. On Friday, Anthropic, the AI lab set up by a team of disgruntled OpenAI staffers, released the latest version of its Claude LLM. From Bloomberg:

The company said Thursday that the new model – the technology that underpins its popular chatbot Claude – is twice as fast as its most powerful previous version. Anthropic said in its evaluations, the model outperforms leading competitors like OpenAI on several key intelligence capabilities, such as coding and text-based reasoning.

It shows marked improvement in grasping nuance, humor, and complex instructions, and is exceptional at writing high-quality content with a natural, relatable tone.

As part of our commitment to safety and transparency, we’ve engaged with external experts to test and refine the safety mechanisms within this latest model. We recently provided Claude 3.5 Sonnet to the UK’s Artificial Intelligence Safety Institute (UK AISI) for pre-deployment safety evaluation. The UK AISI completed tests of 3.5 Sonnet and shared their results with the US AI Safety Institute (US AISI) as part of a Memorandum of Understanding, made possible by the partnership between the US and UK AISIs announced earlier this year.

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© Photograph: Canadian Press/REX/Shutterstock

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© Photograph: Canadian Press/REX/Shutterstock

Microsoft Teams Bundle Hit With E.U. Antitrust Charges

25 June 2024 at 06:40
The tech giant has been accused of stifling competition by packaging its video conferencing app with other tools like Word and Excel.

© Thibault Camus/Associated Press

Microsoft’s French headquarters outside Paris. The Microsoft case stems from the pandemic, when collaboration tools like Zoom, Slack and Teams became essential for remote workforces.

EU-regulated ‘sustainable’ funds invest £14bn in biggest polluters

Investigation finds funds touting ethical credentials include fast fashion labels and fossil fuel companies

Fast fashion labels, fossil fuel companies and SUV-makers are present in EU-regulated “sustainable” funds that tout their ethical credentials in their names, the Guardian and media partners can reveal, with $18bn (£14bn) of their investments going to the 200 biggest polluters.

Investors hold more than $87bn (£68bn) in funds that disclose under environmental and social sections of EU sustainable finance rules while including some of the biggest emitters of planet-heating gas, an analysis of data from the last quarter of 2023 shows. About one-fifth of the $87bn investments come from funds that also market themselves using environmentally-friendly terms.

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© Photograph: Annegret Hilse/Reuters

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© Photograph: Annegret Hilse/Reuters

Before yesterdayMain stream

Apple’s App Store Policies Charged Under New E.U. Competition Law

The company’s App Store policies are illegal under the European Union’s Digital Markets Act, according to regulators in Brussels.

© Johanna Geron/Reuters

Margrethe Vestager, who oversees competition policy at the European Commission, said Apple’s App Store policies prevent consumers from being aware of better offers.

Apple Intelligence and other features won’t launch in the EU this year

21 June 2024 at 15:34
A photo of a hand holding an iPhone running the Image Playground experience in iOS 18

Enlarge / Features like Image Playground won't arrive in Europe at the same time as other regions. (credit: Apple)

Three major features in iOS 18 and macOS Sequoia will not be available to European users this fall, Apple says. They include iPhone screen mirroring on the Mac, SharePlay screen sharing, and the entire Apple Intelligence suite of generative AI features.

In a statement sent to Financial Times, The Verge, and others, Apple says this decision is related to the European Union's Digital Markets Act (DMA). Here's the full statement, which was attributed to Apple spokesperson Fred Sainz:

Two weeks ago, Apple unveiled hundreds of new features that we are excited to bring to our users around the world. We are highly motivated to make these technologies accessible to all users. However, due to the regulatory uncertainties brought about by the Digital Markets Act (DMA), we do not believe that we will be able to roll out three of these features — iPhone Mirroring, SharePlay Screen Sharing enhancements, and Apple Intelligence — to our EU users this year.

Specifically, we are concerned that the interoperability requirements of the DMA could force us to compromise the integrity of our products in ways that risk user privacy and data security. We are committed to collaborating with the European Commission in an attempt to find a solution that would enable us to deliver these features to our EU customers without compromising their safety.

It is unclear from Apple's statement precisely which aspects of the DMA may have led to this decision. It could be that Apple is concerned that it would be required to give competitors like Microsoft or Google access to user data collected for Apple Intelligence features and beyond, but we're not sure.

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EU Aims to Ban Math — ‘Chat Control 2.0’ Law is Paused but not Stopped

20 June 2024 at 12:43
“Oh, won’t somebody please think of the children?”

Ongoing European Union quest to break end-to-end encryption (E2EE) mysteriously disappears.

The post EU Aims to Ban Math — ‘Chat Control 2.0’ Law is Paused but not Stopped appeared first on Security Boulevard.

Europe Union Tightens Cybersecurity Grip with NIS and DORA Regulations

European Union

The European Union has introduced two critical regulatory frameworks: the Network and Information Security (NIS) Directive and the Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA). These measures aim to ensure that businesses of all sizes implement strong cybersecurity practices to protect sensitive information. However, industry experts suggest that the regulations’ full potential might only be realized with the involvement of third-party cybersecurity specialists.

The Growing Cyber Threat Landscape

As businesses increasingly depend on digital infrastructure to connect with clients, customize products, and enhance customer experiences, they simultaneously face heightened risks of cyberattacks. Cybercrime is projected to cost the global economy $9.5 trillion in 2024, escalating by 15% annually to reach $10.5 trillion by 2025, according to Cybersecurity Ventures. Even the most advanced cybersecurity systems can be compromised, as evidenced by a recent data breach of the United Kingdom’s Ministry of Defence payroll system, exposing the names and banking details of both current and former armed forces members.

European Union's Response: NIS and DORA

Recognizing the urgent need for stronger cybersecurity measures, the Europe Union has implemented the NIS Directive and DORA. These regulations aim to standardize and enhance cybersecurity practices across member states. NIS Directive: The NIS Directive focuses on establishing high-level, common cybersecurity best practices. It strengthens system security requirements, addresses supply chain vulnerabilities, streamlines reporting, and introduces stringent supervisory measures with potential sanctions for non-compliance. The directive was initiated in the fall of 2021 and formalized in May 2022, and businesses were given until October 2024 to comply with the new standards. DORA: DORA targets the financial sector, mandating periodic digital operational resilience testing and the implementation of management systems to monitor and report significant ICT-based incidents to relevant authorities. This regulation aims to ensure that financial entities like banks, insurance companies, and investment firms can maintain operational resilience during severe disruptions. The development of DORA involved three European Supervisory Authorities: the European Banking Authority (EBA), the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA), and the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA). They established mandatory incident reporting requirements and encouraged cooperation and information sharing among financial entities and regulators to respond effectively to cybersecurity threats.

The Importance of Third-Party Assessments

Darren Humphries, Group CISO & CTO-Partner at Acora, emphasizes the need for continuous measurement of cybersecurity practices. “Risk management is moving away from art to science,” Humphries explains, highlighting the importance of metrics and documentation in meeting regulatory guidelines. He criticizes the effectiveness of self-attestation, noting that the Ministry of Defence breach partly occurred due to reliance on self-service attestation from suppliers. Instead, Humphries advocates for third-party cybersecurity specialists to evaluate and verify processes, minimizing the risk of oversight. The evolving threat landscape demands that corporations, especially those in the financial sector, become proactive in addressing potential security vulnerabilities. The new EU regulations push businesses in this direction, but they also need to leverage third-party expertise to thoroughly examine and fortify their cybersecurity frameworks. By doing so, they can better protect network transactions and comply with regulatory requirements, reducing the likelihood of cyber incidents.

Conclusion

The new EU regulations, NIS and DORA, represent a significant step forward in enhancing cybersecurity practices across Europe. However, to maximize their impact and truly safeguard against evolving cyber threats, businesses must incorporate third-party assessments and expertise. By doing so, they can ensure robust protection of sensitive information and compliance with regulatory standards, ultimately reducing their cybersecurity risks in an increasingly digital world.

Meta halts plans to train AI on Facebook, Instagram posts in EU

14 June 2024 at 14:44
Meta halts plans to train AI on Facebook, Instagram posts in EU

Enlarge (credit: GreyParrot | iStock / Getty Images Plus)

Meta has apparently paused plans to process mounds of user data to bring new AI experiences to Europe.

The decision comes after data regulators rebuffed the tech giant's claims that it had "legitimate interests" in processing European Union- and European Economic Area (EEA)-based Facebook and Instagram users' data—including personal posts and pictures—to train future AI tools.

There's not much information available yet on Meta's decision. But Meta's EU regulator, the Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC), posted a statement confirming that Meta made the move after ongoing discussions with the DPC about compliance with the EU's strict data privacy laws, including the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).

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Apple set to be first Big Tech group to face charges under EU digital law

14 June 2024 at 12:16
App Store icon on an iPhone screen

Enlarge (credit: Getty Images | NurPhoto)

Brussels is set to charge Apple over allegedly stifling competition on its mobile app store, the first time EU regulators have used new digital rules to target a Big Tech group.

The European Commission has determined that the iPhone maker is not complying with obligations to allow app developers to “steer” users to offers outside its App Store without imposing fees on them, according to three people with close knowledge of its investigation.

The charges would be the first brought against a tech company under the Digital Markets Act, landmark legislation designed to force powerful “online gatekeepers” to open up their businesses to competition in the EU.

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What to Know About Europe’s Extra Tariffs on Chinese Electric Cars

12 June 2024 at 14:09
The tariffs had been expected for months, but many European automakers warned that they would drive up prices for consumers and set off a trade war with China.

© Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

Electric cars made by BYD waiting to be loaded at a port in eastern China. Competition in Europe for E.V.s made in China has led to lower prices.

E.U. Hits Electric Vehicles From China With Higher Tariffs

12 June 2024 at 14:01
Leaders in Brussels, Washington and beyond are trying to curb China’s automobile ambitions amid rising trade tensions and fears of a glut of Chinese cars flooding global markets.

© Felix Schmitt for The New York Times

A Chinese-made BYD electric vehicle in Frankfurt.

Meta uses “dark patterns” to thwart AI opt-outs in EU, complaint says

6 June 2024 at 17:25
Meta uses “dark patterns” to thwart AI opt-outs in EU, complaint says

Enlarge (credit: Boris Zhitkov | Moment)

The European Center for Digital Rights, known as Noyb, has filed complaints in 11 European countries to halt Meta's plan to start training vague new AI technologies on European Union-based Facebook and Instagram users' personal posts and pictures.

Meta's AI training data will also be collected from third parties and from using Meta's generative AI features and interacting with pages, the company has said. Additionally, Meta plans to collect information about people who aren't on Facebook or Instagram but are featured in users' posts or photos. The only exception from AI training is made for private messages sent between "friends and family," which will not be processed, Meta's blog said, but private messages sent to businesses and Meta are fair game. And any data collected for AI training could be shared with third parties.

"Unlike the already problematic situation of companies using certain (public) data to train a specific AI system (e.g. a chatbot), Meta's new privacy policy basically says that the company wants to take all public and non-public user data that it has collected since 2007 and use it for any undefined type of current and future 'artificial intelligence technology,'" Noyb alleged in a press release.

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How a Climate Backlash Influenced Campaigning in Europe

9 June 2024 at 12:15
After years of political consensus on the transition to cleaner energy, a ‘greenlash’ began bubbling up as prices rose and right-wing candidates gained ground.

© Kenzo Tribouillard/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

The European Parliament in Brussels. Elections are being held through the weekend.

Europe Banned Russia’s RT Network. Its Content Is Still Spreading.

A study found that hundreds of sites, many without obvious Kremlin links, copied Russian propaganda and spread it to unsuspecting audiences ahead of the E.U. election.

© Misha Friedman/Getty Images

RT, which the U.S. State Department describes as a key player in the Kremlin’s disinformation and propaganda apparatus, has been banned in the European Union, Canada and other countries since Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022.

EU Investigates Facebook and Instagram Over Addictive Effects on Children

16 May 2024 at 14:13
The American tech giant’s platforms, Facebook and Instagram, may “exploit the weaknesses and inexperience of minors,” the European Commission said.

© Olivier Matthys/EPA, via Shutterstock

“We are sparing no effort to protect our children,” Thierry Breton, the European Union’s internal markets commissioner, said in a statement.

Meta Faces EU Investigation Over Election Disinformation

30 April 2024 at 09:55
The inquiry is intended to pressure the tech giant to more aggressively police Facebook and Instagram ahead of the European Union’s closely watched elections in June.

© Frederick Florin/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

Ursula von der Leyen, the president of the European Commission, which is investigating Meta over election disinformation.

Disinformation and Elections: EFF and ARTICLE 19 Submit Key Recommendations to EU Commission

21 March 2024 at 14:35

Global Elections and Platform Responsibility

This year is a major one for elections around the world, with pivotal races in the U.S., the UK, the European Union, Russia, and India, to name just a few. Social media platforms play a crucial role in democratic engagement by enabling users to participate in public discourse and by providing access to information, especially as public figures increasingly engage with voters directly. Unfortunately elections also attract a sometimes dangerous amount of disinformation, filling users' news feed with ads touting conspiracy theories about candidates, false news stories about stolen elections, and so on.

Online election disinformation and misinformation can have real world consequences in the U.S. and all over the world. The EU Commission and other regulators are therefore formulating measures platforms could take to address disinformation related to elections. 

Given their dominance over the online information space, providers of Very Large Online Platforms (VLOPs), as sites with over 45 million users in the EU are called, have unique power to influence outcomes.  Platforms are driven by economic incentives that may not align with democratic values, and that disconnect  may be embedded in the design of their systems. For example, features like engagement-driven recommender systems may prioritize and amplify disinformation, divisive content, and incitement to violence. That effect, combined with a significant lack of transparency and targeting techniques, can too easily undermine free, fair, and well-informed electoral processes.

Digital Services Act and EU Commission Guidelines

The EU Digital Services Act (DSA) contains a set of sweeping regulations about online-content governance and responsibility for digital services that make X, Facebook, and other platforms subject in many ways to the European Commission and national authorities. It focuses on content moderation processes on platforms, limits targeted ads, and enhances transparency for users. However, the DSA also grants considerable power to authorities to flag content and investigate anonymous users - powers that they may be tempted to mis-use with elections looming. The DSA also obliges VLOPs to assess and mitigate systemic risks, but it is unclear what those obligations mean in practice. Much will depend on how social media platforms interpret their obligations under the DSA, and how European Union authorities enforce the regulation.

We therefore support the initiative by the EU Commission to gather views about what measures the Commission should call on platforms to take to mitigate specific risks linked to disinformation and electoral processes.

Together with ARTICLE 19, we have submitted comments to the EU Commission on future guidelines for platforms. In our response, we recommend that the guidelines prioritize best practices, instead of policing speech. Furthermore, DSA risk assessment and mitigation compliance evaluations should focus primarily on ensuring respect for fundamental rights. 

We further argue against using watermarking of AI content to curb disinformation, and caution against the draft guidelines’ broadly phrased recommendation that platforms should exchange information with national authorities. Any such exchanges should take care to respect human rights, beginning with a transparent process.  We also recommend that the guidelines pay particular attention to attacks against minority groups or online harassment and abuse of female candidates, lest such attacks further silence those parts of the population who are already often denied a voice.

EFF and ARTICLE 19 Submission: https://www.eff.org/document/joint-submission-euelections

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