Labour, the Tories and the Lib Dems are branch offices – they do what they’re told, and they won’t represent Scots’ best interests

Just a few weeks ago there were 43 SNP MPs at Westminster, almost three-quarters of the total Scottish seats. It would be hard to argue that wasn’t a mandate for revisiting the vexed question of Scottish independence.

At the 2019 election, as we made our way to the polling booths, there was still a bolshie, buoyant feeling in the country, at least among those of us who believe the country’s best future lies in becoming one of the small, socially progressive European nations within the family of the EU. Independent of the UK, obviously.

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© Photograph: Lesley Martin/Reuters

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© Photograph: Lesley Martin/Reuters

Two-page letter written by physicist and fellow scientist, for sale at Christie’s, urged US government to invest in research

A two-page letter written by Albert Einstein warning Franklin D Roosevelt – then the president of the US – that Nazi Germany might harness nuclear research to invent an atomic bomb is going up for sale at Christie’s auctioneers in September with an estimate value of $4m.

Einstein’s letter – one of two the theoretical physicist drafted in a cabin on the north shore of New York’s Long Island with a fellow scientist, Leo Szilard – warned that the German government was actively supporting nuclear research and could make “extremely powerful bombs” like the kind that were eventually deployed by the US at the end of the second world war.

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© Photograph: Harold M Lambert/Getty Images

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© Photograph: Harold M Lambert/Getty Images

Hunger’s role in Jewish philosophy and history makes it all the more horrifying that civilians in Gaza are eating garbage

For many months now, it has been no secret that one of America’s closest allies has been using hunger as a weapon against a civilian population. That hunger is being used by Israel is supremely ironic, given the particular role that privation from food plays both in Jewish philosophy and in the grim history of the Jewish people. It is a charge that the Jewish state has repeatedly denied in the face of overwhelming evidence to the contrary.

Beginning this past winter, Human Rights Watch and Oxfam both condemned Israel’s use of starvation as a weapon of war. Governmental organizations have also begun to echo those accusations. “In Gaza, we are no longer on the brink of a famine, we are in a state of famine,” the European Union’s foreign policy chief, Josep Borrell, said several weeks ago. The Gaza population was facing a “man-made disaster”, Borrell reported. The United Nations World Food Program concurs: a “full-blown famine” is taking place in northern Gaza, according to the head of the program. This was followed by the international criminal court considering issuing warrants against leaders of both Hamas and Israel, and, in the case of the Israelis, for the war crime of starvation of civilians.

John Oakes is the author of The Fast: The History, Science, Philosophy and Promise of Doing Without. He is publisher of the Evergreen Review

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© Photograph: Anadolu/Getty Images

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© Photograph: Anadolu/Getty Images

Military contractor Erik Prince started a private WhatsApp group for his close associates that includes a menagerie of right-wing government officials, intelligence operatives, arms traffickers, and journalists. We got their messages. from Off Leash: Inside the Secret, Global, Far-Right Group Chat [The New Republic; ungated] [CW: the quiet part, out loud]

Among the group's hottest topics: • The "Biden Regime," which a consensus of Off Leash participants who weighed in view as an ally of Islamic terrorists and other anti-American forces that needs to be crushed along with them and its partners in the deep state, such as former Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Mark Milley, who "deserves to burn in hell," Lara Logan shared with the group chat. • The shortcomings of democracy that invariably resulted from extending the franchise to ordinary citizens, who are easily manipulated by Marxists and populists. "The West is at best a beautiful cemetery," lamented Sven von Storch, whose aristocratic German family fled the country after World War II to Chile, where their son was raised before returning to the land of his ancestors, where he married the granddaughter of the Third Reich's last de facto head of state, who was convicted at Nuremberg. • Israel-Palestine, a problem that Michael Yudelson, Prince's business partner at Unplugged, which markets an allegedly supersecure smartphone, said should be handled by napalming Hamas's tunnel network. "I would burn all those bastards, and have everything above ground, everything left of Gaza, collapse into this fiery hell pit and burn!" he wrote. • The Houthi rebels in Yemen, whom Yoav Goldhorn, who was an Israeli intelligence officer until last year and now works for a Tel Aviv–based security contractor headed by former senior national security veterans, thinks should be "dealt with" as soon as possible to ensure they don't grow from "an inconvenience to a festering mess [that] will eventually require an entire limb to be amputated." • And most of all, Iran, which participants agreed, with a few exceptions, also needed to be wiped out. Saghar Erica Kasraie, a former staffer for Republican Representative Trent Franks when he served on the House Armed Services Committee and whom, according to her LinkedIn profile, she advised on Middle East issues, urged that the Islamic Republic's clerical leaders be targeted by weaponized drones that "take them out like flys ."

A round-up of links inside on the Russia-Ukraine war. Today is day 848 of the invasion.

Russia: Russia wages a scorched-earth war in Ukraine with retrofitted bombs and new airstrips (AP) Fire at drone-hit Russian oil depot rages for second day (Reuters) Putin accuses NATO of creating a security threat for Russia in Asia (Reuters) China: Outgoing NATO chief says China should face consequences for backing Russia's war on Ukraine (CBC) Ukraine peace summit is a 'success', China key to ending war: ambassador to Singapore (South China Morning Post) China lobbying for its alternative peace plan ahead of Ukraine's summit, Reuters reports (Kyiv Independent) EU: EU passes 14th sanctions package in first major move against Russian gas (Kyiv Independent) Romania to send Patriot defense system to Ukraine (Kyiv Independent) EU envoys agree on more Russia sanctions. LNG imports are among the targets. (AP) Japan: Signing of the Accord on Support for Ukraine and Cooperation between the Government of Japan and Ukraine (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan) Japan to finance US$188 million technology transfer to Ukrainian business (MSN) North & South Korea: Russia and North Korea sign mutual defence pact: Vladimir Putin and Kim Jong-un's agreement raises western alarm about possible Russian help for nuclear programme (Guardian) What's known, and not known, about the partnership agreement signed by Russia and North Korea (AP) Putin says South Korea would be making 'a big mistake' if it supplies arms to Ukraine (Reuters) Ukraine: Russian troops fail to advance as Ukraine garners military, financial aid (Al Jazeera) Ukraine, Russia targeting each other's energy infrastructure (NHK World Japan) Ukraine launches a national sexual assault registry for victims of Russian forces (CTV) USA: US to focus on deepening ties with Vietnam after Putin's Hanoi visit (Reuters) Exclusive: Biden to ban US sales of Kaspersky software over Russia ties, source says (Reuters) White House confirms Ukraine to get priority on air defense missile deliveries (Kyiv Independent; post title is a Biden quote from this article) Aid: Fidelity Charitable list of organizations; UNICEF; Support Sellers in Ukraine

We might now be on the cusp of a similar sea change, with American policymakers, especially Democrats and the broader center-Left, beginning to craft a new industrial policy and seeking to decouple economically from China. This decoupling is accompanied by an ersatz new Cold War with China—reminding us of how an earlier era of more activist liberal government required the Cold War to legitimate and underpin it. Whether such efforts will take hold is, for now, unclear. But understanding what these efforts are designed to overturn requires returning to the pivotal years of America in the 1990s. from What the 1990s Did to America [Public Books]

A notorious Chinese hacking group has reportedly gone on a cyber offensive against South Korea and targeted most of the country’s Government and financial sites. The CyberDragon hacking group has a mixture of Chinese and Russian ties and has been critically targeting countries that have been condemning Russia for the ongoing war in Ukraine. South Korea President Yoon Suk Yeol had recently confirmed his country's participation in a Ukraine peace summit in Switzerland this weekend to rally support for the country ending its war with Russia. Last year, Seoul had increased its Ukraine Aid package to $394 Million For 2024.

Government, Financial Sites Attacked by CyberDragon Hacking Group

Irked by its support being garnered against Russia, CyberDragon launched an extensive cyberattack on key South Korean sites and criticized the country for its alleged promotion of Russophobia. In its post on darkweb, CyberDragon said, “We are joining the “South Korean Company”. This is a country that has long been promoting Russophobia by supporting the Kyiv regime.” The list of websites reportedly targetted by CyberDragon include: Shinhan Financial Group: It was founded in September 2001 and is one of South Korea's big five financial groups. Its subsidiaries provide a full range of financial services, including banking, securities, life insurance, and investment banking. State Korean Import-Export Bank KEXIM:  The Export-Import Bank of Korea, also commonly known as the Korea Eximbank (KEXIM), is the official export credit agency of South Korea. The bank was first established in 1976. Its primary purpose is to support South Korea's export-led economy by providing loans, financing mega projects and thereby facilitating economic cooperation with other countries. [caption id="attachment_77014" align="alignnone" width="1600"] Home Page of Korea Eximbank[/caption] Korea Customs Service: The Korea Customs Service was established in 1970 and is one of tax organizations in South Korea and is run under the Ministry of Economy and Finance. The headquarters is in Seo District, Daejeon. Korean National Police: The Korean National Police Agency (KNPA), also known as the Korean National Police (KNP), is one of the national police organizations in South Korea. It is run under the Ministry of the Interior and Safety and is headquartered in Seodaemun, Seoul. National Tax Service: It is the tax organization in South Korea and is run under the Ministry of Economy and Finance. Its headquarters is in Sejong City. Like many of the previous attacks carried out by the Cyberdragon hacking group, it is unclear if sensitive data of the organisations listed above was compromised. Prima Facie, it looks like the group carried out a DDoS attack meant to disrupt the platform’s services. None of the organizations have publicly responded to the alleged breach. Most of the organizations too seem to have restored the functioning of its websites, hours after the group claimed to have carried out a cyberattack.

Previous Operations by CyberDragon Hacking Group

The CyberDragon group gained popularity after it took down the website and app for almost 24 hours after a massive data breach in March 2024. CyberDragon had then posted evidence of the attack on its TOR platform but LinkedIn didn’t comment on the attack. The peculiar hacking actor has both Chinese and Russian ties. It carries out cyberattacks with many pro-Russian hackers and most of its statements are posted in Russian. Both China and Russia are global allies and the targets of CyberDragon indicate their ideological and political affiliations. This scenario is, however, not new in the cybercrime world. Organizations around the world must deal with the fallout of cyberattacks by groups like CyberDragon. Their attacks indicate why it is crucial to remain vigilant and implement stringent security measures against cyberattacks.

Switzerland has seen a notable increase in cyberattacks and disinformation campaigns as it prepares to host a crucial summit aimed at creating a pathway for peace in Ukraine. On Monday, the government reported these developments in a press conference, highlighting the challenges of convening a high-stakes international dialogue amidst rising digital threats. The summit, Summit on Peace in Ukraine is scheduled at a resort near Lucerne from June 15-16, and will gather representatives from 90 states and organizations. About half of the participants come from South America, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Notably, absent from the attendee list is Russia which was not invited due to its lack of interest in participating. However, the Swiss government emphasized that the summit’s goal is to "jointly define a roadmap" to eventually include both Russia and Ukraine in a future peace process. Swiss President Viola Amherd addressed the media, acknowledging the uptick in cyberattacks and disinformation efforts leading up to the event. These cyberattacks have targeted various facets of the summit, including personal attacks on President Amherd herself, particularly in Russian media outlets publicized within Switzerland. "We haven't summoned the ambassador," Amherd stated in response to these attacks. "That's how I wanted it because the disinformation campaign is so extreme that one can see that little of it reflects reality."

Switzerland Disruption Efforts and Cybersecurity

Foreign Minister Ignazio Cassis also spoke at the press conference, noting a clear "interest" in disrupting the talks. However, he refrained from directly accusing any particular entity, including Russia, when questioned about the source of the cyberattacks. This restraint highlights the delicate diplomatic balancing act Switzerland is attempting as host. Switzerland agreed to host the summit at the behest of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and has been actively seeking support from countries with more neutral or favorable relations with Moscow compared to leading Western powers. This strategic outreach aims to broaden the coalition backing the peace efforts and mitigate the polarized dynamics that have characterized the conflict thus far.

Agenda and Key Issues

The summit will address several critical areas of international concern, including nuclear and food security, freedom of navigation, and humanitarian issues such as prisoner of war exchanges. These topics are integral to the broader context of the Ukraine conflict and resonate with the international community's strategic and humanitarian interests. Turkey and India are confirmed participants, though their representation level remains unspecified. There is still uncertainty regarding the participation of Brazil and South Africa. Switzerland noted that roughly half of the participating countries would be represented by heads of state or government, highlighting the summit's high profile and potential impact. The summit aims to conclude with a final declaration, which ideally would receive unanimous backing. This declaration is expected to outline the next steps in the peace process. When asked about potential successors to Switzerland in leading the next phase, Foreign Minister Cassis indicated ongoing efforts to engage regions beyond the Western sphere, particularly the Global South and Arabian countries. Such inclusion could foster a more comprehensive and globally supported peace initiative.

To Wrap Up

The summit represents a significant diplomatic effort to address the Ukraine conflict. However, the surge in cyberattacks on Switzerland and disinformation campaigns, highlights the complexities of such high-stakes international dialogue. In March 2024, Switzerland’s district court in the German-speaking district of March, home to around 45,000 residents, fell victim to a cyberattack. While details are scarce, the court’s website suggests it could potentially be a ransomware attack. As Switzerland navigates these challenges, the outcomes of this summit could set important precedents for future peace efforts and international cooperation.

In the run-up to July's election, the Guardian video team will be touring the UK looking at the issues that matter to voters. In a week when an attack on a refugee camp in Rafah and the Labour party's treatment of Diane Abbott and Faiza Shaheen dominated the headlines, we spoke to voters in Ilford – North and South – who were protesting locally about Gaza. We asked whether these issues would make a difference to how they vote in the election, met canvassers getting behind independent candidates, and spoke to business owners about their political priorities

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© Photograph: The Guardian

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© Photograph: The Guardian

British surgeon Dr Omar El-Taji has been in Gaza for more than a week with medical nonprofit Fajr Scientific, working in one of Gaza’s largest remaining hospitals as Israel’s invasion of Rafah deepens. The European hospital, which was founded by Unrwa with a grant from the EU, has limited resources and fewer local staff to deal with high numbers of patients being admitted with devastating injuries. ‘These people have gone through this for six to seven months now, they cannot go through this any more,’ says El-Taji, who is currently living at the hospital after the medical team’s safe house was evacuated. The Israeli prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, has so far rejected US pressure to hold off on a full-scale attack, claiming Rafah is the last stronghold of Hamas and that Israel can only achieve its war aims by killing militants and leaders in the city

• Israeli tanks reach residential areas as IDF pushes further into Rafah

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© Photograph: Guardian

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© Photograph: Guardian

South Africa's case against Israel over allegations of genocide before the international court of justice has raised a central question of international law: what is genocide and how do you prove it? It is one of three genocide cases being considered by the UN's world court, but since the genocide convention was approved in 1948, only three instances have been legally recognised as genocide. Josh Toussaint-Strauss looks back on these historical cases to find out why the crime is so much harder to prove than other atrocities, and what bearing this has on South Africa's case against Israel and future cases

• What is the genocide convention and how might it apply to the UK and Israel?

• ‘Famine is setting in’: UN court orders Israel to unblock Gaza food aid

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© Photograph: Guardian Design

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© Photograph: Guardian Design

The Polish Embassy has posted a series of short interview segments with Marian Rejewski, the first person to crack the Enigma.

Details from his biography.

Fascinating analysis of the use of drones on a modern battlefield—that is, Ukraine—and the inability of the US Air Force to react to this change.

The F-35A certainly remains an important platform for high-intensity conventional warfare. But the Air Force is planning to buy 1,763 of the aircraft, which will remain in service through the year 2070. These jets, which are wholly unsuited for countering proliferated low-cost enemy drones in the air littoral, present enormous opportunity costs for the service as a whole. In a set of comments posted on LinkedIn last month, defense analyst T.X. Hammes estimated the following. The delivered cost of a single F-35A is around $130 million, but buying and operating that plane throughout its lifecycle will cost at least $460 million. He estimated that a single Chinese Sunflower suicide drone costs about $30,000—so you could purchase 16,000 Sunflowers for the cost of one F-35A. And since the full mission capable rate of the F-35A has hovered around 50 percent in recent years, you need two to ensure that all missions can be completed—for an opportunity cost of 32,000 Sunflowers. As Hammes concluded, “Which do you think creates more problems for air defense?”

Ironically, the first service to respond decisively to the new contestation of the air littoral has been the U.S. Army. Its soldiers are directly threatened by lethal drones, as the Tower 22 attack demonstrated all too clearly. Quite unexpectedly, last month the Army cancelled its future reconnaissance helicopter ­ which has already cost the service $2 billion—because fielding a costly manned reconnaissance aircraft no longer makes sense. Today, the same mission can be performed by far less expensive drones—without putting any pilots at risk. The Army also decided to retire its aging Shadow and Raven legacy drones, whose declining survivability and capabilities have rendered them obsolete, and announced a new rapid buy of 600 Coyote counter-drone drones in order to help protect its troops.