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Yesterday — 28 June 2024Main stream

Brussels explores antitrust probe into Microsoft’s partnership with OpenAI

28 June 2024 at 13:03
EU competition chief Margrethe Vestager said the bloc was looking into practices that could in effect lead to a company controlling a greater share of the AI market.

Enlarge / EU competition chief Margrethe Vestager said the bloc was looking into practices that could in effect lead to a company controlling a greater share of the AI market. (credit: Thierry Monasse/Getty Images)

Brussels is preparing for an antitrust investigation into Microsoft’s $13 billion investment into OpenAI, after the European Union decided not to proceed with a merger review into the most powerful alliance in the artificial intelligence industry.

The European Commission, the EU’s executive arm, began to explore a review under merger control rules in January, but on Friday announced that it would not proceed due to a lack of evidence that Microsoft controls OpenAI.

However, the commission said it was now exploring the possibility of a traditional antitrust investigation into whether the tie-up between the world’s most valuable listed company and the best-funded AI start-up was harming competition in the fast-growing market.

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The disaster of Brexit should not be ignored in this election | Letters

28 June 2024 at 11:32

Politicians are refusing to acknowledge the link between Brexit and falling living standards, says Robin Prior, while Chris Webster says voters must accept responsibility for their choices

Larry Elliott is correct that Brexit is a live issue in this election, even if politicians are doing their best to avoid it (Brexit may have felt absent from this election – but it will still define it, 26 June). And he is spot-on when he says that there is “no real difference between Labour’s growth strategy and its Brexit strategy. If one fails then so does the other”.

Keir Starmer says Labour will boost economic growth while continuing to hobble trade and relations with our nearest major market. It’s as if his shoes are tied together, but he’s refusing to untie them while also promising to win an international running race. Does he really take us for fools?

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© Photograph: Vuk Valcic/Zuma Press/Rex/Shutterstock

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© Photograph: Vuk Valcic/Zuma Press/Rex/Shutterstock

Kaja Kallas: the Russia-defying Estonian PM poised to lead EU foreign policy

Critics fear Kallas’s unyielding nature makes her the wrong fit to succeed Josep Borrell but allies admire her strength and clarity

Kaja Kallas will be giving up a lot to return to Europe to succeed Josep Borrell as the EU’s foreign policy chief.

Her 18th-century offices at the top of the picturesque old town in Tallinn marry elegance with efficiency, with the neoclassical cabinet chamber capable of projecting business papers on to the wall. Outside there is a balcony on the edge of Toompea hill where Kallas sometimes sits, with glorious views over the town and the Gulf of Finland.

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© Photograph: Geert Vanden Wijngaert/AP

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© Photograph: Geert Vanden Wijngaert/AP

Before yesterdayMain stream

EU leaders back Ursula von der Leyen for second term as president

Estonia’s PM, Kaja Kallas, set to become the EU’s top diplomat, while former Portuguese PM António Costa takes over as president of the European Council

Ursula von der Leyen has clinched the nomination to serve a second term as president of the European Commission, despite Italian prime minister Giorgia Meloni’s complaints of a “wrong” process.

Estonia’s prime minister, Kaja Kallas, is set to become the EU’s top diplomat, representing the bloc on the world stage for the next five years. The former Portuguese prime minister António Costa has been elected to take over as president of the European Council, putting him in charge of finding compromises between the 27 heads of state and government.

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© Photograph: Yves Herman/Reuters

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© Photograph: Yves Herman/Reuters

Zelenskiy says Russia’s recent offensive shows pressure on Kremlin ‘not enough’

Ukrainian president signs military agreement with EU and says ‘fulfilment of every promise’ of support is important

Ukraine’s president, Volodymyr Zelenskiy, has told EU leaders that Russia’s spring offensive in Kharkiv showed that international pressure on the Kremlin was “not enough”, as he signed a military agreement with the bloc.

Vladimir Putin had tried to “expand the war” in May with a new offensive in eastern Ukraine, Zelenskiy said on Thursday, referring to relentless attacks on the Kharkiv region.

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© Photograph: Olivier Hoslet/Reuters

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© Photograph: Olivier Hoslet/Reuters

Labour to seek ‘stable position’ with Europe rather than reopen Brexit debate

27 June 2024 at 09:18

Shadow business secretary says trying to rejoin single market or customs union would cause ‘more difficulties’

Labour would rather have stability in the UK’s relationship with the Europe than try to seek accelerated economic growth by rejoining the EU’s single market or customs union, the party’s shadow business secretary has said.

Addressing the British Chambers of Commerce (BCC) conference on Thursday, Jonathan Reynolds acknowledged that Brexit had been “very difficult for businesses” because it erected trade barriers, but said reopening the debate would be worse.

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© Photograph: Lucy North/PA

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© Photograph: Lucy North/PA

‘Max is my eyes’: Paralympian says post-Brexit rules stop him flying with his guide dog

By: Anna Tims
27 June 2024 at 03:00

Mar Gunnarsson, swimmer and Manchester student who is due to compete at the Paris Games, says his career is at risk

A Paralympic swimmer due to compete in this summer’s Games has said his career is at risk after a post-Brexit policy change barred him from flying in and out of the UK with his guide dog.

Mar Gunnarsson, a visually impaired Icelandic national studying in Manchester, has been unable to fly to sporting championships to represent his country because his guide dog is not recognised as a service animal by the UK authorities.

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© Photograph: Mar Gunnarsson

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© Photograph: Mar Gunnarsson

UK must stop ‘walking on eggshells’ over post-Brexit deal, says BCC chief

26 June 2024 at 17:30

British Chambers of Commerce director general calls on politicians to improve ties with EU and strike better deal

The UK’s current trade deal with the EU is not working and the country must stop “walking on eggshells” around the issue of building closer ties with its biggest trading partner, the director general of the British Chambers of Commerce (BCC) is expected to say.

At the annual BCC global conference in London on Thursday, Shevaun Haviland will say that the UK must forge closer ties with the EU and the next government should focus on improving trading relations to grow the economy.

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© Photograph: Yui Mok/PA

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© Photograph: Yui Mok/PA

Brexit may have felt absent from this election – but it will still define it | Larry Elliott

26 June 2024 at 12:41

Those who voted leave still feel ignored and marginalised. The pressure will be on for Labour to boost growth and narrow regional divides

It is one of the oddities of this weirdest of election campaigns that the issue that helped give the Conservatives an 80-seat majority in 2019 has barely been mentioned. As far as the main parties are concerned, Brexit is a done deal. The decision has been made. Time to move on.

To be sure, much has happened since 2019, most notably a global pandemic, a cost of living crisis and the brief – yet drama-packed – premiership of Liz Truss. Making ends meet features more prominently in voters’ lists of concerns than whether the UK should rejoin the single market.

Larry Elliott is the Guardian’s economics editor

Do you have an opinion on the issues raised in this article? If you would like to submit a response of up to 300 words by email to be considered for publication in our letters section, please click here.

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© Photograph: Andy Rain/EPA

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© Photograph: Andy Rain/EPA

Belching livestock to incur green levy in Denmark from 2030

26 June 2024 at 09:55

World’s first emissions tax on agriculture will require farmers to pay for greenhouse gas pollution from livestock

Farmers in Denmark will have to pay for planet-heating pollutants that their cattle expel as gas, after the government agreed to set the world’s first emissions tax on agriculture.

The agreement – reached on Monday night after months of fraught negotiations between farmers, industry, politicians and environmental groups – will introduce an effective tax of 120 kroner (£14) per ton of greenhouse gas pollution from livestock in 2030, which will rise to 300 kroner per ton in 2035.

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© Photograph: Wayne HUTCHINSON/Alamy

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© Photograph: Wayne HUTCHINSON/Alamy

EU Issues New Sanctions Against Russia-Linked Threat Actors

By: Alan J
25 June 2024 at 14:13

European Union Sanctions

The European Union has extended its sanctions against threat actors after adding six Russian and Ukrainian nationals to its restrictive measures list. These latest sanctions come as part of the EU's ongoing efforts to combat malicious campaigns that threaten its member states and global security. The Council of the European Union adopted the decision to expand sanctions on June 24, 2024, citing the increasing frequency and sophistication of cyberattacks against critical infrastructure and essential services. These attacks, including ransomware, supply chain targeting, and cyberespionage, pose a systemic threat to the EU's security, economy, and society. The sanctions are aimed at preventing, deterring, and discouraging such activities, and are considered a vital instrument in the EU's framework for a joint diplomatic response to malicious cyber activities.

Russian Military Intelligence and FSB Operative Sanctions

The sanctions will take effect following publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. The council document justified the new sanctions as measures in response to the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine and its resulting cyber activities:
The use of cyber operations that have enabled and accompanied Russia’s unprovoked and unjustified war of aggression against Ukraine affects global stability and security, represents an important risk of escalation, and adds to the already significant increase of malicious cyber activities outside the context of armed conflict over recent years. The growing cybersecurity risks and an overall complex cyber threat landscape, with a clear risk of rapid spill-over of cyber incidents from one Member State to others, and from third countries to the Union, further call for restrictive measures under Decision (CFSP) 2019/797.
Among those sanctioned are Ruslan Aleksandrovich Peretyatko and Andrey Stanislavovich Korinets, both identified as members of the "Callisto group" linked to Russian military intelligence. The group, also known as "Seaborgium" or "Star Blizzard," is accused of conducting multi-year phishing campaigns to steal credentials and data, targeting individuals and critical state functions in defense and foreign relations. Two Ukrainian nationals, Oleksandr Sklianko and Mykola Chernykh, were sanctioned for their involvement in the "Armageddon" hacker group, allegedly supported by Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB). The group was found carrying out cyberattacks against the Ukrainian government and EU member states using phishing emails and malware campaigns.

Wizard Spider Threat Group Members Sanctioned

The EU also targeted two key players in the Russia-based threat group Wizard Spider: Mikhail Mikhailovich Tsarev and Maksim Sergeevich Galochkin. Both are implicated in deploying the "Conti" and "Trickbot" malware programs, which have caused substantial economic damage in the EU through ransomware campaigns targeting essential services such as healthcare, banking and defense. The EU Council has emphasized the need to protect these vital sectors from cyber threats, which can have devastating consequences for individuals, businesses, and societies as a whole. The Council said the sanctions imposed on these six individuals are a clear message that the EU will not tolerate malicious cyber activities that threaten its security, economy, and democracy. The Council document stated:
 "As part of the sustained, tailored and coordinated Union action against persistent cyber threat actors, six natural persons should be included in the list of natural and legal persons, entities and bodies subject to restrictive measures set out in the Annex to Decision (CFSP) 2019/797. Those persons are responsible for, or were involved in, cyberattacks with a significant effect, which constitute an external threat to the Union or its Member States."
The sanctions demonstrate that the EU will continue to work closely with its Member States, international partners, and other stakeholders to address the growing cybersecurity threat landscape escalated by geopolitical tensions. Media Disclaimer: This report is based on internal and external research obtained through various means. The information provided is for reference purposes only, and users bear full responsibility for their reliance on it. The Cyber Express assumes no liability for the accuracy or consequences of using this information.

Microsoft risks huge fine over “possibly abusive” bundling of Teams and Office

25 June 2024 at 12:59
A screen shows a virtual meeting with Microsoft Teams at a conference on January 30, 2024 in Barcelona, Spain.

Enlarge / A screen shows a virtual meeting with Microsoft Teams at a conference on January 30, 2024 in Barcelona, Spain. (credit: Cesc Maymo / Contributor | Getty Images News)

Microsoft may be hit with a massive fine in the European Union for "possibly abusively" bundling Teams with its Office 365 and Microsoft 365 software suites for businesses.

On Tuesday, the European Commission (EC) announced preliminary findings of an investigation into whether Microsoft's "suite-centric business model combining multiple types of software in a single offering" unfairly shut out rivals in the "software as a service" (SaaS) market.

"Since at least April 2019," the EC found, Microsoft's practice of "tying Teams with its core SaaS productivity applications" potentially restricted competition in the "market for communication and collaboration products."

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Microsoft Teams Bundle Hit With E.U. Antitrust Charges

25 June 2024 at 06:40
The tech giant has been accused of stifling competition by packaging its video conferencing app with other tools like Word and Excel.

© Thibault Camus/Associated Press

Microsoft’s French headquarters outside Paris. The Microsoft case stems from the pandemic, when collaboration tools like Zoom, Slack and Teams became essential for remote workforces.

Apple’s App Store Policies Charged Under New E.U. Competition Law

The company’s App Store policies are illegal under the European Union’s Digital Markets Act, according to regulators in Brussels.

© Johanna Geron/Reuters

Margrethe Vestager, who oversees competition policy at the European Commission, said Apple’s App Store policies prevent consumers from being aware of better offers.

Apple Intelligence and other features won’t launch in the EU this year

21 June 2024 at 15:34
A photo of a hand holding an iPhone running the Image Playground experience in iOS 18

Enlarge / Features like Image Playground won't arrive in Europe at the same time as other regions. (credit: Apple)

Three major features in iOS 18 and macOS Sequoia will not be available to European users this fall, Apple says. They include iPhone screen mirroring on the Mac, SharePlay screen sharing, and the entire Apple Intelligence suite of generative AI features.

In a statement sent to Financial Times, The Verge, and others, Apple says this decision is related to the European Union's Digital Markets Act (DMA). Here's the full statement, which was attributed to Apple spokesperson Fred Sainz:

Two weeks ago, Apple unveiled hundreds of new features that we are excited to bring to our users around the world. We are highly motivated to make these technologies accessible to all users. However, due to the regulatory uncertainties brought about by the Digital Markets Act (DMA), we do not believe that we will be able to roll out three of these features — iPhone Mirroring, SharePlay Screen Sharing enhancements, and Apple Intelligence — to our EU users this year.

Specifically, we are concerned that the interoperability requirements of the DMA could force us to compromise the integrity of our products in ways that risk user privacy and data security. We are committed to collaborating with the European Commission in an attempt to find a solution that would enable us to deliver these features to our EU customers without compromising their safety.

It is unclear from Apple's statement precisely which aspects of the DMA may have led to this decision. It could be that Apple is concerned that it would be required to give competitors like Microsoft or Google access to user data collected for Apple Intelligence features and beyond, but we're not sure.

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EU Aims to Ban Math — ‘Chat Control 2.0’ Law is Paused but not Stopped

20 June 2024 at 12:43
“Oh, won’t somebody please think of the children?”

Ongoing European Union quest to break end-to-end encryption (E2EE) mysteriously disappears.

The post EU Aims to Ban Math — ‘Chat Control 2.0’ Law is Paused but not Stopped appeared first on Security Boulevard.

Europe Union Tightens Cybersecurity Grip with NIS and DORA Regulations

European Union

The European Union has introduced two critical regulatory frameworks: the Network and Information Security (NIS) Directive and the Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA). These measures aim to ensure that businesses of all sizes implement strong cybersecurity practices to protect sensitive information. However, industry experts suggest that the regulations’ full potential might only be realized with the involvement of third-party cybersecurity specialists.

The Growing Cyber Threat Landscape

As businesses increasingly depend on digital infrastructure to connect with clients, customize products, and enhance customer experiences, they simultaneously face heightened risks of cyberattacks. Cybercrime is projected to cost the global economy $9.5 trillion in 2024, escalating by 15% annually to reach $10.5 trillion by 2025, according to Cybersecurity Ventures. Even the most advanced cybersecurity systems can be compromised, as evidenced by a recent data breach of the United Kingdom’s Ministry of Defence payroll system, exposing the names and banking details of both current and former armed forces members.

European Union's Response: NIS and DORA

Recognizing the urgent need for stronger cybersecurity measures, the Europe Union has implemented the NIS Directive and DORA. These regulations aim to standardize and enhance cybersecurity practices across member states. NIS Directive: The NIS Directive focuses on establishing high-level, common cybersecurity best practices. It strengthens system security requirements, addresses supply chain vulnerabilities, streamlines reporting, and introduces stringent supervisory measures with potential sanctions for non-compliance. The directive was initiated in the fall of 2021 and formalized in May 2022, and businesses were given until October 2024 to comply with the new standards. DORA: DORA targets the financial sector, mandating periodic digital operational resilience testing and the implementation of management systems to monitor and report significant ICT-based incidents to relevant authorities. This regulation aims to ensure that financial entities like banks, insurance companies, and investment firms can maintain operational resilience during severe disruptions. The development of DORA involved three European Supervisory Authorities: the European Banking Authority (EBA), the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA), and the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA). They established mandatory incident reporting requirements and encouraged cooperation and information sharing among financial entities and regulators to respond effectively to cybersecurity threats.

The Importance of Third-Party Assessments

Darren Humphries, Group CISO & CTO-Partner at Acora, emphasizes the need for continuous measurement of cybersecurity practices. “Risk management is moving away from art to science,” Humphries explains, highlighting the importance of metrics and documentation in meeting regulatory guidelines. He criticizes the effectiveness of self-attestation, noting that the Ministry of Defence breach partly occurred due to reliance on self-service attestation from suppliers. Instead, Humphries advocates for third-party cybersecurity specialists to evaluate and verify processes, minimizing the risk of oversight. The evolving threat landscape demands that corporations, especially those in the financial sector, become proactive in addressing potential security vulnerabilities. The new EU regulations push businesses in this direction, but they also need to leverage third-party expertise to thoroughly examine and fortify their cybersecurity frameworks. By doing so, they can better protect network transactions and comply with regulatory requirements, reducing the likelihood of cyber incidents.

Conclusion

The new EU regulations, NIS and DORA, represent a significant step forward in enhancing cybersecurity practices across Europe. However, to maximize their impact and truly safeguard against evolving cyber threats, businesses must incorporate third-party assessments and expertise. By doing so, they can ensure robust protection of sensitive information and compliance with regulatory standards, ultimately reducing their cybersecurity risks in an increasingly digital world.

Meta halts plans to train AI on Facebook, Instagram posts in EU

14 June 2024 at 14:44
Meta halts plans to train AI on Facebook, Instagram posts in EU

Enlarge (credit: GreyParrot | iStock / Getty Images Plus)

Meta has apparently paused plans to process mounds of user data to bring new AI experiences to Europe.

The decision comes after data regulators rebuffed the tech giant's claims that it had "legitimate interests" in processing European Union- and European Economic Area (EEA)-based Facebook and Instagram users' data—including personal posts and pictures—to train future AI tools.

There's not much information available yet on Meta's decision. But Meta's EU regulator, the Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC), posted a statement confirming that Meta made the move after ongoing discussions with the DPC about compliance with the EU's strict data privacy laws, including the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).

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Apple set to be first Big Tech group to face charges under EU digital law

14 June 2024 at 12:16
App Store icon on an iPhone screen

Enlarge (credit: Getty Images | NurPhoto)

Brussels is set to charge Apple over allegedly stifling competition on its mobile app store, the first time EU regulators have used new digital rules to target a Big Tech group.

The European Commission has determined that the iPhone maker is not complying with obligations to allow app developers to “steer” users to offers outside its App Store without imposing fees on them, according to three people with close knowledge of its investigation.

The charges would be the first brought against a tech company under the Digital Markets Act, landmark legislation designed to force powerful “online gatekeepers” to open up their businesses to competition in the EU.

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What to Know About Europe’s Extra Tariffs on Chinese Electric Cars

12 June 2024 at 14:09
The tariffs had been expected for months, but many European automakers warned that they would drive up prices for consumers and set off a trade war with China.

© Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

Electric cars made by BYD waiting to be loaded at a port in eastern China. Competition in Europe for E.V.s made in China has led to lower prices.

E.U. Hits Electric Vehicles From China With Higher Tariffs

12 June 2024 at 14:01
Leaders in Brussels, Washington and beyond are trying to curb China’s automobile ambitions amid rising trade tensions and fears of a glut of Chinese cars flooding global markets.

© Felix Schmitt for The New York Times

A Chinese-made BYD electric vehicle in Frankfurt.

Meta uses “dark patterns” to thwart AI opt-outs in EU, complaint says

6 June 2024 at 17:25
Meta uses “dark patterns” to thwart AI opt-outs in EU, complaint says

Enlarge (credit: Boris Zhitkov | Moment)

The European Center for Digital Rights, known as Noyb, has filed complaints in 11 European countries to halt Meta's plan to start training vague new AI technologies on European Union-based Facebook and Instagram users' personal posts and pictures.

Meta's AI training data will also be collected from third parties and from using Meta's generative AI features and interacting with pages, the company has said. Additionally, Meta plans to collect information about people who aren't on Facebook or Instagram but are featured in users' posts or photos. The only exception from AI training is made for private messages sent between "friends and family," which will not be processed, Meta's blog said, but private messages sent to businesses and Meta are fair game. And any data collected for AI training could be shared with third parties.

"Unlike the already problematic situation of companies using certain (public) data to train a specific AI system (e.g. a chatbot), Meta's new privacy policy basically says that the company wants to take all public and non-public user data that it has collected since 2007 and use it for any undefined type of current and future 'artificial intelligence technology,'" Noyb alleged in a press release.

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How a Climate Backlash Influenced Campaigning in Europe

9 June 2024 at 12:15
After years of political consensus on the transition to cleaner energy, a ‘greenlash’ began bubbling up as prices rose and right-wing candidates gained ground.

© Kenzo Tribouillard/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

The European Parliament in Brussels. Elections are being held through the weekend.

Europe Banned Russia’s RT Network. Its Content Is Still Spreading.

A study found that hundreds of sites, many without obvious Kremlin links, copied Russian propaganda and spread it to unsuspecting audiences ahead of the E.U. election.

© Misha Friedman/Getty Images

RT, which the U.S. State Department describes as a key player in the Kremlin’s disinformation and propaganda apparatus, has been banned in the European Union, Canada and other countries since Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022.

EU Investigates Facebook and Instagram Over Addictive Effects on Children

16 May 2024 at 14:13
The American tech giant’s platforms, Facebook and Instagram, may “exploit the weaknesses and inexperience of minors,” the European Commission said.

© Olivier Matthys/EPA, via Shutterstock

“We are sparing no effort to protect our children,” Thierry Breton, the European Union’s internal markets commissioner, said in a statement.

Meta Faces EU Investigation Over Election Disinformation

30 April 2024 at 09:55
The inquiry is intended to pressure the tech giant to more aggressively police Facebook and Instagram ahead of the European Union’s closely watched elections in June.

© Frederick Florin/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

Ursula von der Leyen, the president of the European Commission, which is investigating Meta over election disinformation.

Disinformation and Elections: EFF and ARTICLE 19 Submit Key Recommendations to EU Commission

21 March 2024 at 14:35

Global Elections and Platform Responsibility

This year is a major one for elections around the world, with pivotal races in the U.S., the UK, the European Union, Russia, and India, to name just a few. Social media platforms play a crucial role in democratic engagement by enabling users to participate in public discourse and by providing access to information, especially as public figures increasingly engage with voters directly. Unfortunately elections also attract a sometimes dangerous amount of disinformation, filling users' news feed with ads touting conspiracy theories about candidates, false news stories about stolen elections, and so on.

Online election disinformation and misinformation can have real world consequences in the U.S. and all over the world. The EU Commission and other regulators are therefore formulating measures platforms could take to address disinformation related to elections. 

Given their dominance over the online information space, providers of Very Large Online Platforms (VLOPs), as sites with over 45 million users in the EU are called, have unique power to influence outcomes.  Platforms are driven by economic incentives that may not align with democratic values, and that disconnect  may be embedded in the design of their systems. For example, features like engagement-driven recommender systems may prioritize and amplify disinformation, divisive content, and incitement to violence. That effect, combined with a significant lack of transparency and targeting techniques, can too easily undermine free, fair, and well-informed electoral processes.

Digital Services Act and EU Commission Guidelines

The EU Digital Services Act (DSA) contains a set of sweeping regulations about online-content governance and responsibility for digital services that make X, Facebook, and other platforms subject in many ways to the European Commission and national authorities. It focuses on content moderation processes on platforms, limits targeted ads, and enhances transparency for users. However, the DSA also grants considerable power to authorities to flag content and investigate anonymous users - powers that they may be tempted to mis-use with elections looming. The DSA also obliges VLOPs to assess and mitigate systemic risks, but it is unclear what those obligations mean in practice. Much will depend on how social media platforms interpret their obligations under the DSA, and how European Union authorities enforce the regulation.

We therefore support the initiative by the EU Commission to gather views about what measures the Commission should call on platforms to take to mitigate specific risks linked to disinformation and electoral processes.

Together with ARTICLE 19, we have submitted comments to the EU Commission on future guidelines for platforms. In our response, we recommend that the guidelines prioritize best practices, instead of policing speech. Furthermore, DSA risk assessment and mitigation compliance evaluations should focus primarily on ensuring respect for fundamental rights. 

We further argue against using watermarking of AI content to curb disinformation, and caution against the draft guidelines’ broadly phrased recommendation that platforms should exchange information with national authorities. Any such exchanges should take care to respect human rights, beginning with a transparent process.  We also recommend that the guidelines pay particular attention to attacks against minority groups or online harassment and abuse of female candidates, lest such attacks further silence those parts of the population who are already often denied a voice.

EFF and ARTICLE 19 Submission: https://www.eff.org/document/joint-submission-euelections

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